Language and Communication Development Essay Example for Free

Language and Communication Development Essay When working in a school, particularly pre-school or elementary school, it is significant for us to distinguish and offer viable help and broaden the discourse, language and correspondence improvement for kids during the early years (Burnham and Baker, 2011). This is with the goal that they get the most obvious opportunity to build up these aptitudes and stay away from battle sometime down the road. There are various manners by which grown-ups can successfully bolster and broaden discourse, language and correspondence improvement in kids during early years. Right off the bat, it is significant for us to adjust our language as per the child’s age, needs and capacities. A few youngsters who have English as a subsequent language may expect us to highlight objects (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk). For instance, when we are addressing infants or little children, we would rearrange the sentences for them to comprehend, while the more seasoned the youngsters we can start to utilize more earnestly sentences. For instance, when passing out treats, to a youngster who is 1 or 2 years old we may hold out a treat and give the signal, while to a more established kids we would state â€Å"Would you like a cookie?†. Besides; we should give kids the time and chance to convey. It is critical to give youngsters time to consider what has been said to them and in the event that they don’t answer straight away we should be understanding and not answer for them (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk). A few kids may expect us to sounds them out however then we should get them to duplicate and mix the sounds together while giving them an opportunity to process what we are letting them know. As referenced in (www.foundationyears.org.uk), different ways we can successfully bolster youngsters and broaden their discourse, language and impart may include: utilizing straightforward dreary language for natural exercises, remark on what kids are doing in their play meeting, and we should attempt to grow what they state by including a couple of words ourselves. For instance a kid may yell â€Å"Bus!† we should answer â€Å"That’s right, it’s a major, red bus.† A few kids may discover utilizing visual pieces of information and updates valuable in helping them follow routine and learn new work and ideas (www.foundationyears.org.uk). We can utilize photos of the youngsters themselvesâ doing the exercises, to speak to various exercises in the state as a visual plan. These photos can likewise be utilized to assist kids with choosing exercises. As referenced in (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk), we can likewise utilize demonstrating language which helps bolster kids when words don’t sound clear. This incorporates giving them acclaim for attempting them satisfying the word back to them, so if a youngster says ‘tar’ we can grin and state ‘yes, vehicle, cunning boy’. Cooperating can likewise be messing around, perusing and singing tunes. Getting youngsters occupied with books since the beginning can help with their perusing and composing abilities and can expand their language aptitudes and jargon (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk). Singing basic melodies and nursery rhymes create children’s consideration and listening abilities and their familiarity with rhymes and the word designs. As referenced in (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk), play and action urge kids to convey and rehearse their relational abilities as they should speak with their companions and others so it makes a circumstance where they can rehearse and build up their discourse, language and relational abilities.

Citizen Kane in a Century Free Essays

The film well on the way to be seen and inspected one a long time from now is Citizen Kane. The explanation Citizen Kane will in all likelihood withstand the following century over the others is the immortality the idea of the film conveys. In light of the media investor William Randolph Hearst, the film passes on the feeling that the media is constrained by the couple of with the most cash and the most force, an idea that loans itself particularly well to film as far as plot advancement and pressure. We will compose a custom exposition test on Resident Kane in a Century or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Plot and strain earn a huge crowd that may not in any case be joined on what makes an effective film. For example, Welles’ utilization of then-creative true to life methods may be the wedge between a normal film goer and a film pundit, yet the utilization of these strategies added measurement to the plot and strain in manners that recently been unexplored. Presently observed as a major aspect of the true to life ordinance, low camera points make Kane’s character seem overwhelming, adding to the sensational pressure. Facial close-ups additionally added to film’s disposition, as the crowd got enmeshed in the multifaceted nature of the characters and what befell them. The utilization of flashbacks was likewise imaginative, recounting to a story onscreen in a then-unpredictable way, including layers and giving the crowd signs into the idea of Kane’s ascend to the highest point of the news-casting field, the influence and riches it permitted him, and the devastating fall the flightiness of the media to which he was pushed. Resident Kane will endure the coming century since it got things started in story procedure just as realistic inventiveness, making ready for the various movies saw this semester. Martha Stewart: The New Kane? Resident Kane refreshed for the occasions would yearningly take a gander at the ascent, fall, and resulting ascent of home-embellishing head honcho Martha Stewart. The star would be Cate Blanchett, as she would fit the job truly just as act the job astoundingly. Hilary Swank would play Stewart’s little girl, Alexis, and her significant other, Andy, would be Robert Downey Jr. Broad research would be done, obviously, to make the equals between the genuine individual on which the film is based and the anecdotal character speaking to that individual. The title character would be Ruth Helen Kane in order to keep the first film title in politeness, to keep the equal to some degree intense (Stewart’s center name is Helen), and to play on the word savage. The film would be shot utilizing indistinguishable true to life procedures similarly from Welles utilized in his unique filmâ€heavy utilization of flashbacks, facial close ups, low camera edges, broadened and continuous scenes, emotional utilization of lighting, and center shots. The distinction would be that the film would not end with the character in prison, however would follow the consistent ascent once again into her unique situation of intensity. Martha Stewart as subject would vouch for the limited ability to focus of the open today, just as suggest that influence and riches cause everybody to overlook the past, insinuating the 1984 Orwell inauspiciously cautioned us about. This redo of the 1941 exemplary film would remain consistent with the first in the investigation of intensity and defilement yet resound with crowds today on account of the fixation on famous people and a longing to see them disfavored. Character and Character Woody Allen is a character star since he never splits from the equivalent personaâ€an unpredictable, incredibly astute, characteristically anxious New York Jew. His presentation in Annie Hall concretes his status as the unpredictable, wise, anxious New York Jew since he says so all through the movie and all through the others he composes, coordinates, and stars in. William Holden is a character star since he plays a credible Max Schumacher, and watching the film I see Max, the character, not Bill, the main man. Contrasted with Annie Hall, where I see Woody, the author/chief/on-screen character, as opposed to Alvie, the character, Holden’s execution makes me see the character, not the entertainer. Dustin Hoffman is another character star. His Ben Braddock reviews a distinctive feeling of youth that anybody can identify with, and Hoffman plays him so well that it is anything but difficult to consider Hoffman to be Braddock in ensuing movies were Hoffman not an amazing on-screen character. Billy Bob Thornton is one more character star, conveying probably the best execution of the considerable number of movies this semester. The appearing separation from feeling Karl inhales is passed on in a spotless, bona fide way, making Thornton to a greater extent a vessel for the character instead of a delegate. Robert Duvall is a character entertainer completely. His characters in Apocalypse Now, Network and even in The Conversation are not the same as one another, and his extensive rundown of credits uncover that Duvall stays a various on-screen character in an assortment of jobs. He doesn't put on a show of being categorized into an on-screen character playing a similar character in various jobs. Story in Annie Hall and Citizen Kane Annie Hall starts toward the finish of the relationship, with Alvie talking legitimately to the crowd about his relationship with the title character, Annie Hall. The story is told using flashbacks of Alvie’s past connections and his youth, told frequently as though he is himself disclosing to Annie these flashbacks. Such a scene happens explicitly when he and Annie go to Coney Island with Alvie’s companion and Alvie is educating Annie regarding his mom and father and family. The present Annie and Alvie stroll in to the past Alvie’s home to glance in on past Alvie’s guardians and family and house. The scene slices through the story boundary in flashback and brings the presents obviously into the past instead of isolating the two. Allen utilizes the flashback along these lines to show how individuals are everlastingly bound to the past and convey it with them as though they generally lived in it. Resident Kane likewise depends vigorously on flashback to recount to its story and starts similarly Annie Hall does, toward the finish of the story, Kane’s demise. The crowd sees Kane kick the bucket, discovers that he has in reality passed on by means of paper media, and afterward methodicallly finds out about the way to his demise. The journalist sent to explore the man behind the tycoon reveals the life of Kane, told by means of the individuals who were nearest to him. The utilization of flashback works particularly well in figuring out how Kane went under guardianship of Thatcher, and the flashback is uncovered through Thatcher’s diaries as opposed to Thatcher himself. Such utilization of flashback uncovers how much data is achieved when direct sources are inaccessible. The most effective method to refer to Citizen Kane in a Century, Papers

MIT IS

MIT IS As I look outside the long windows of McCormick Hall’s penthouse, soaking in the last few glimpses of blue sky (oh no, winter is coming), it hits me: I’ve almost made it through two months of MIT! 60 long days filled with SO MUCH LIFE. I’ve turned in a total of 15 problem sets. I’ve written 2 essays. Ive gotten through 10 novels. I’ve taken 6 midterms. I’ve failed a midterm. I’ve aced a midterm. I’ve laser cut and assembled a brushless motor. I’ve finally learned how to properly breathe in Yoga. I’ve watched the sunrise from the Harvard Bridge. I’ve cried. I’ve missed home. I’ve stood in line at Maseeh’s dining hall at 12 pm for a halal burger. I’ve gone to office hours in my best pair of pajamas. I’ve turned 30 minute naps into 2 hr naps. I’ve repetitively failed at responding to free food emails. I’ve walked out of lectures not understanding a thing. I’ve burned out multiple raspberry pis. I’ve already cracked my MacBook screen (rip). I’ve woken up to emails about student deaths. I’ve woken up to emails about Noble prize recipients (go Weiss!). MIT is all of that. It’s firehosing. It’s being scheduled down to the second. It’s consistent work. It’s making mistakes and learning from them (aka don’t put lecture notes in your mac, the staple will destroy your screen). It’s realizing there is so much you simply just do not know. It’s building yourself up to where you want to be. It’s taking a break to admire what’s around you. It’s good news. And bad news. But most importantly, it’s being there for one another. Through ALL OF IT. It’s selflessly supporting and shamelessly taking support. It’s finding connection in the people around you in the most meaningful way possible. It’s crying without care about how much you miss home. It’s finding comfort in other people. It’s realizing that they are your second family. It’s random conversations that happen in elevators. It’s philosophical discussions that happen within dorm rooms. It’s staying up late at night to make sure everyone’s got their pset done. It’s TAs that check up on you after exams. It’s dining hall chefs that know your omelet and stir fry orders. It’s desk security that say good morning as you walk out the door. It’s friends that can brighten your day with a single smile down the Infinite Corridor. And as time has gone by, day to day, I find myself in a constant cycle of never-ending work. But on days like this bright Sunday afternoon, when I get time to sit and think about the two months that have passed, I’m left just a tad bit amazed. Amazed that MIT is all of these things. And somewhere, between all of these things, MIT has managed to become one more thing: my home away from home. Post Tagged #McCormick Hall

MIT IS

MIT IS As I look outside the long windows of McCormick Hall’s penthouse, soaking in the last few glimpses of blue sky (oh no, winter is coming), it hits me: I’ve almost made it through two months of MIT! 60 long days filled with SO MUCH LIFE. I’ve turned in a total of 15 problem sets. I’ve written 2 essays. Ive gotten through 10 novels. I’ve taken 6 midterms. I’ve failed a midterm. I’ve aced a midterm. I’ve laser cut and assembled a brushless motor. I’ve finally learned how to properly breathe in Yoga. I’ve watched the sunrise from the Harvard Bridge. I’ve cried. I’ve missed home. I’ve stood in line at Maseeh’s dining hall at 12 pm for a halal burger. I’ve gone to office hours in my best pair of pajamas. I’ve turned 30 minute naps into 2 hr naps. I’ve repetitively failed at responding to free food emails. I’ve walked out of lectures not understanding a thing. I’ve burned out multiple raspberry pis. I’ve already cracked my MacBook screen (rip). I’ve woken up to emails about student deaths. I’ve woken up to emails about Noble prize recipients (go Weiss!). MIT is all of that. It’s firehosing. It’s being scheduled down to the second. It’s consistent work. It’s making mistakes and learning from them (aka don’t put lecture notes in your mac, the staple will destroy your screen). It’s realizing there is so much you simply just do not know. It’s building yourself up to where you want to be. It’s taking a break to admire what’s around you. It’s good news. And bad news. But most importantly, it’s being there for one another. Through ALL OF IT. It’s selflessly supporting and shamelessly taking support. It’s finding connection in the people around you in the most meaningful way possible. It’s crying without care about how much you miss home. It’s finding comfort in other people. It’s realizing that they are your second family. It’s random conversations that happen in elevators. It’s philosophical discussions that happen within dorm rooms. It’s staying up late at night to make sure everyone’s got their pset done. It’s TAs that check up on you after exams. It’s dining hall chefs that know your omelet and stir fry orders. It’s desk security that say good morning as you walk out the door. It’s friends that can brighten your day with a single smile down the Infinite Corridor. And as time has gone by, day to day, I find myself in a constant cycle of never-ending work. But on days like this bright Sunday afternoon, when I get time to sit and think about the two months that have passed, I’m left just a tad bit amazed. Amazed that MIT is all of these things. And somewhere, between all of these things, MIT has managed to become one more thing: my home away from home. Post Tagged #McCormick Hall

Plato s Symposium, Sequential Speeches Praise The God Of...

In Plato’s Symposium, sequential speeches praise the god of Love, but they stray from truth until Diotima’s speech provides a permanent form in which love â€Å"neither waxes nor wanes† (Sym. 211A). Through the speeches, love shifts from identifying with the concrete to the abstract, but still ultimately advances goals of present: Phaedrus sees love as helping â€Å"men gain virtue,† Aristophanes as only a â€Å"promise† to restore humans to their â€Å"original nature† and Pausanias and Eryximachus have to use two changing notions of love (Sym. 180B, 193D). In contrast, Diotima relates love as the closest humans can come to immorality, a future goal motivating us to seek completeness and an uninhibited timelessness. She uses this shift to explain love’s†¦show more content†¦211A). Diotima continues to rise towards abstract concepts as she attempts to explain love’s purpose. This contrasts both Phaedrus’ and Aristophanes’ descriptions of love. She broadly states that â€Å"a lover does not seek the half or whole† unless it is â€Å"good† because people will even amputate, or separate, part of their own body if diseased (Sym. 205E). Aristophanes argues â€Å"love is the name for our pursuit of wholeness† but Diotima explains this cannot be true if the other half is bad, even if it seems to bring wholeness, such as bodies with a temporary veneer of beauty (Sym. 192E). So, love must be explained by separating it to an upwards trajectory, rising towards the concept of good. Otherwise love is only an impermanent â€Å"promise† (Sym. 193D). Therefore, Aristophanes’ lack of separation from the concrete cause love to come from incompleteness and a fallen condition (Dutton Lecture). Likewise, Phaedrus’ speech lacks a removal from the present and therefore fails to explain love’s effects, as seen in hi s Achilles and Patroclus example. To Phaedrus, Achilles still dying after Patroclus passes is love, for â€Å"no one will die for you but a lover† (Sym. 179B). But, Diotima claims this love is unhealthy as it fails to represent the abstract notion of beauty. Since beauty is something to be indirectly experienced, it is unmeasurable and instead â€Å"preserves†

Some of the Worst Slang Terms From 2010

New slang words pervade language in popular culture every year, often times to much chagrin by literary figures and average joes alike. For as long as the written language has existed, colloquial errors and usages have appeared and been met by harsh criticism before eventually being adapted into the living, spoken English vernacular. People have various reasons for disliking (or downright loathing) certain words. It may be a  buzzword  that has worn out its welcome (such as paradigm  or   proactive). Or an overly familiar  redundancy  (like added bonus and future plans), mispronunciation (nuc-u-lar for nuclear), or  usage  error (between you and  I). Some of us have zero tolerance for elision (definally for definitely, malapropisms (mitigate for militate), minced oaths (like frak), blends (like bromance) or verbing (to effort or Incent). Sometimes the hostility gets personal — as with expressions favored by an ex-spouse like couch potato or a dimwitted boss who spouts buzzwords like bottom line.   These verbal peeves, known as logomisia, become the center of conversations about language in any given year. In 2010 alone, over 200 phrases came to be used in the common vernacular of United States culture. However, peeves such as these have existed as long as language has been shared between people. It was really only with the advent of the Internet that these slang words began to rapidly populate common discourse. Language Peeves of Famous People Throughout History English is a living, evolving language, so its only natural that it continues to expand every year. However, much of this expansion was and continues to be met by critical dissent. In fact, many of our modern common expressions were once the source of fierce debate by linguists and literary scholars. Sometimes, though, famous people simply disliked a word, usage or phrase.   F or instance,  Jonathan Swift hated the word bowels, and Gloria Swanson, star of the movie Sunset Boulevard, hated the word glamor  while the character she played, Norma Desmond, hated comeback. Chicago newspaper columnist Mike Royko hated the word relationship wherein he claimed it was the kind of sterile word used by lawyers and sociologists and other menaces. Even the very arts some people worked in had words the artists disliked. Even though she wrote both, Carson McCullers hated the words prose and poetry. British novelist V.S. Naipaul hates the word novel, documentary filmmaker Irving Saraf hates documentary, and news anchor Katie Couric describes the word panties as a cheesy word for underpants. Of course, many of us claim to hate the word hate itself, too. Confusing, right? Popular Slang Words and Phrases in 2010 Lets agree to disagree, popular slang is sometimes all the sudden absolutely† overwhelming in its misuse or misappropriation of commonly understood words. From using â€Å"access† as a verb to changing the name of illegal immigrants to â€Å"illegal aliens,† the slang of 2010 certainly did â€Å"aim high† at changing the face of modern discourse. Even â€Å"ASAP† and â€Å"Obamacare† entered the spoken vernacular of the â€Å"American consumer† in 2010. According to the logic of 2010, on your next â€Å"birfday† all you need to do is â€Å"chillax† and eat some â€Å"cold slaw† (instead of coleslaw — â€Å"brain fart!†). The next time someone asks â€Å"and you are?† when they’re trying to â€Å"conversate† with you, the blame will rest entirely on 2010 vernacular and not the person’s poor manners. They may even â€Å"axe† you a question, but they meant â€Å"no offense.† Just don’t take â€Å"are you serious?† seriously or you’ll get â€Å"gobsmacked† by some â€Å"iconic† irony. Just tell them, â€Å"I’m good† or their next big idea is â€Å"to die for† and you’ll be right on your way to the â€Å"basic fundamentals† of a good conversation. It â€Å"might could even† evolve into a â€Å"bromance!† Don’t forget to â€Å"friend† (as a verb) them on Facebook aft er if you really â€Å"heart† them. â€Å"Anyways,† â€Å"just so you know,† this entire section was written with slang from 2010 in quotes. â€Å"Awesome possum!† We’re done here.

Analysis Of The s - 801 Words

C.A. describes herself as, â€Å"nice, loving and smart.† She states that her mood is, â€Å"fine.† When asked about her body and physical abilities, she claims that she feels, â€Å"not normal.† She feels that her health is, â€Å"lower than normal and fine.† When asked if she thinks people like her, she stated, â€Å"Yes, because I am nice.† She nodded when asked if she thought she was well taken care of. She said she was â€Å"a very hard worker† when she was a secretary. She states she is a positive person because she â€Å"smiles sometimes.† Objective Pt does not seemed concerned with her physical image unless she is reminded. When asked if she wants her hair brushed or lip gloss, she shrugs her shoulders. She only keeps eye contact when speaking for a few moments and then looks away when she loses her thought or attention and becomes confused. She cannot recall a lot of information from her past. Her mood is rarely altered and she continues to have a flat personality. She is never angry, and always complies with what you tell her to do. She is never aggressive and often thanks those helping her. Values Beliefs Pattern Subjective C.A. reports that she is Catholic, but says that she doesn’t attend mass often. She reports that she forgets to pray. She doesn’t recall any cultural practices from when she was a child. Pt says she is of German descent. She was unable to recall any German traditions. Objective Pt has a prayer book in her room. She is Catholic. Pt did not verbalize any specific religiousShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The s Essay791 Words   |  4 PagesCentral Action- Need, Want, Desire: to be free/ to be an individual/ to be equal History/Exposition: Past few Christmases, Helmer family has been economizing. Nora shut herself in last Christmas and worked for money while Torvald thought she was making decorations. Nora is just like her father. 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Analysis of James Hardie – Social Contract Analysis

Question: Describe the Analysis of James Hardie for Social Contract Analysis . Answer: 1 Stakeholders Analysis: Stakeholder Group of James Hardie Corporate governance responsibilities owed Shareholders This is basically the main reason for any company to exist. There is a considerable amount of money that is invested by the investors and a company must return that investment with a considerable dividend linked with it. The Corporate governance is critical because based on that the shareholders and investors can make a sane decisions towards investments(Howell, 2012) Employees Employees are the one who contribute towards the growth of the company and they work towards the stakeholders dividends. They are very important part of Corporate Governance as they need to know where their hard work is heading towards and what is the current as is state of the company(Botha, 2015). Investors They are the most important reason that the company is always up and running and is able to be operational even in crunch situations. The investors always need to the governance and compliance standards of the company and hence they can make a rational choice towards investments to be made(Ayuso, 2007) Public Society This is seldom ignored by the company but ultimately all the resources that are used by the companies have come from the society and hence they are liable to show the correct level of governance and standards to the general public and hence a clear image(Hayes, 2012) Directors Senior Management Many have an opinion that they are an internal stakeholder of the company and hence the governance clause is not applicable but they have the responsibility to check the correctness and see the operational wellbeing of the tasks related to the regulation and compliance(Mckinsey, 2010). Mine Workers / Factory Workers In this case there is strong responsibility towards the mine workers so that they are properly aware of the fact that what are the risks that the job officers to them and based on that they are able to make a better and more detailed choice. If that is not in place then it needs a lot of restructuring(Kramer, 2013) Law Governance The Law and Governance is there to define the standards of the work to be followed with respect to the regulatory compliance that has to be in place. If these are not in place then overall the company is not complying with main law and hence they are misguiding the people at large(LawQuest, 2015) Subsidiaries The subsidiaries working and operations are the responsibility of the main company and hence an important stakeholder in this assessment. This have a very long impact on relations and image. 2: Key Corporate Governance Issues: ASX Principle Key corporate governance issue corresponding to that ASX Principle Lay solid foundations for management and oversight(ASX_Corporate_Governance_Council, 2012) This is a huge principle lapse as the companys performance and image is more dependent on the performance showcased by the top management people. Like in the earlier days when it was known to the management that Asbestos is not something that is good for the health of the people not just inside the company but outside as well. There is a need for the alarm to be raised by the management people and immediately stop the production and operations related to Asbestos but since the company continue to do the same and hence it is a lapse of the given ASX principle and that will have a huge repercussion for the company. Promote ethical and responsible decision-making(Beck, 2014) This is another lapse since there is no way can the decision of producing asbestos be deemed as ethical either from the business ethics point of view or the moral ethics point of view. The detailed discussions about the same will be done in the coming sections. But the ethics are considered either from utilitarian or deontological point of view. But there is no such point of view shown by the company by which they are trying to be ethical about their deeds throughout. This is a very serious violation and hence it is required to be very strictly executed so that things are managed properly without any lapses. Make timely and balanced disclosure(James, 2010) This is a lapse that is shown by the company when they didnt disclosed the critical things and information related to their subsidiaries and other sister concerns. This lapse is both from the financial and operational working perspective, which is just not able to manage the burden of the losses incurred. The forged figures were just not correct to be able to cover the wrong deeds of the company and further manipulation turned things to be even worse. This violation is an extremely critical one and needs through attention by the company of they want to score in compliance points. The management is very important as it will improve the image of the company Recognise and manage risk(ASX_Contracts, 2012) The risk was recognized long back, what is leading to the issue is that the company was unable to curtail the effects effectively and worst is that even after knowing the issues they continued it. This is a very serious violation of the ASX Principle and hence needed to be managed properly and very effectively. This is not just a single law breach, but a bundle of breaches. Since the ban of some element is there as it can cause harms. If that element is still in use, then it is posing issues for the company and also health issues and risk for the users and hence that is something that needs some thorough introspection at the beginning itself so that it does not pile up at any point of time. 3: Compliance to Corporate Governance Issues: ASX Principle Actions company should have taken to comply with the ASX guideline Lay solid foundations for management and oversight(ASX_Corporate_Governance_Council, 2012) The management could have taken some serious steps towards a few things. The first one is the direct ban on the use and production of Asbestos and the second one is to invest some good amount of money towards the research and development of the material that is suitable as an substitute to Asbestos. In this manner it will be lay a solid foundation for the management and it will also generate a through confidence in the company that will ensure that the things are going on in the proper supervision of the management people and hence this supervision will also ensure that the things are followed in compliance to the actual requirement of the statutory and law. Promote ethical and responsible decision-making The ethics in every aspect of decision making is very important. Starting with the regular moral ethics that is the ethics of Utilitarianism is to be implemented that raises the bar of ethics in the company and some strong of code of conduct rules are to be involved in the decision making from business ethical stand point. The management must be able to bring the choice on the table about what is the best way to go ahead in every situation. Make timely and balanced disclosure This disclosure and correct information sharing is something that will not just keep them active in the compliance category but also for the betterment of the image of the company both internally and externally. If the company is able to show the correct information with the stakeholders, then the confidence in the company increases and hence that will lead to better management in place. This is the foremost and the easiest step that can be taken by the company to be assured that the things will fall in place correctly. Recognise and manage risk The risk management and recognition is again a leadership level trait that is to be followed properly. If the risk recognition happens at an early stage, then that is not enough, the management must be able to take necessary steps to ensure that it does not pose any risk to the operations or working in the company. 4 Long term interest of the Stakeholders: Stakeholder Group of James Hardie How long term interests of stakeholder groups were affected or exacerbated Shareholders The interest of the shareholders were not affected much as the company is continue to produce the cost effective product in the unethical manner. This may not be good for the society overall. But for the shareholders the money was flowing in uninterrupted. This is the big advantage that the shareholder will experience throughout(Tony, 2014). Employees For the employees working in the offshore were not affected much. The impact was more on technical people and that will be discussed later on. The only impact would be that they have to be associated with a company that may tarnish their image in outside world that may have an impact on the career. Investors For investors the impact is huge as in the long term when the company has accumulated so much of liability for them in the form of NGOs and support companies, the money will be flowing there and that is going to impact their returns and hence it can be deciphered that their money is not getting utilized in the intended manner(OECD, 2013). Public Society They are the big losers as even after giving so much to the society they are getting a very return in the form of health hazards and that to the impact is seen at a very long term and hence a huge dangerous to the society overall. This a huge loss for the society. Directors Senior Management They are also a huge losers, may not be in the short term but in the long term and the major loss is due to the tarnishing of the image that is caused by their act of supporting the misdeeds of the company and that is what will lead to huge long term loss for them. Mine Workers / Factory Workers The major loss bearers who are not even educated nor informed about the risk they are exposed to and how much it is hurting their health and wellness.This is long term health hazard that they are directly exposed to and this is a huge breach of social contract and corporate social ethics. Law Governance They are not at loss but then there is an administration loss that is faced by them when it comes to the management of the overall industry. If one industry breaches the law for such a long time it encourages other companies to do the same thing and get away(IFC, 2015). Subsidiaries The subsidiaries are at loss because they are not being used for the purpose that they were built for and it tarnishes the image of the parent company and the concept of NGO as such and this is every means is not an ethical thing to practice or exercise and makes a bad impression on the society. 5: Ethical Decision making in the mid-60s: The decision taken by the management to go ahead with the production of Asbestos is by every means an unethical decision both from the purview of business ethics and moral ethics. The reason is to understand the difference between the two and then demonstrating that the decision taken by the management is fitting in none of the definitions. The moral ethics is relied on the concept of utilitarianism and hence the decision has be taken from the point of view that it brings maximum benefit for almost every stakeholder(Swinton, 2012). Now as per the decision taken by the management only their interests are being met and the interest of the society and many other stakeholders is not met and it is about tarnishing the moral duties and responsibilities that relies on the big companies to comply with(Clara, 2012). The decision of breaking the law and not following the right thing that is to stop the production of Asbestos is by every means an unethical thing from the point of view of moral ethical situation. Coming to the business ethics, which is a bit complicated concept and people faces the cognitive dissonance as the business ethics principle is based on the concept of deontological ethics, which is the ethics of duty. Now from the point of view of the business management people, they are there to keep the business profitable and also ensure that money is flowing in timely and in cost effective manner(Gibson, 2012). This may not have been achieved if they think too much about the society, but the duty is not just to maintain the profit, there is a legal obligation to maintain a good decorum in the society at large and work for the society as they take a lot of resources from them. This is the very reason it is mentioned that they face cognitive dissonance and that leads to moral dilemma. Keeping in point both the facts of profit and society, the decision taken was thoroughly incorrect and need changes as it is not the sole way of surviving profitably and there is a need to build other competencies to be more profitable and also ethical for the society and hence even that decision cannot be treated as ethical in any terms. So the overall analysis from the point of view of business or moral ethics it is established that in any mode the decision was not at all ethical and hence the decision cannot be deemed as rational or ethical in any circumstances of business or moral ethics(Siddle, 2010). 6: Threats for sustainability: Specific Stakeholder Group How did actions threaten James Hardies corporate sustainability Investors The Investors are the one who have invested the real money in the company and they expect some good results from the companys performance. There are chances that they might not care about the ethical righteousness of the company of the company at all and they pushes the management to keep on following the most operationally efficient and profitable way of business. Through this line of thought and the importance that investors hold in the company, it can be rightly assumed that they will pose a great deal of risk for the corporate sustainability of the company and will be focussed more towards just the monetary returns of the company(Eliot Metzger, 2013). Shareholders The shareholders are the second main stakeholder who needs the company to be performing at a profit and will not care much about the sustainability part of the business. Under that circumstance it is important that the company is able to give them good dividends to be ascertain about the cash flow and ensure that they always remain a loyal stakeholder of the company. The use of Asbestos is something that has the capability of making company profitable at the cost of sustainability parse. This is an important point that pushes most to the companies towards the unethical behaviour that they put in front of the society. Management The management is someone who is holding the saddle of the company and their actions will decide the future of the company. In the similar lines they have the responsibility of taking care of the investors and the shareholders and for that purpose there are loads of responsibilities on them(Woodward, 2012). Due to this they have to take some decisions that may not be in the best interest of the company but are definitely profitable and hence stint by stint they keep on piling up the wrong act and slowly it becomes the culture of the company, this leads to the flaw in implementation of the sustainability program. Subsidiaries The functions of subsidiaries usually have a vested interest of the company attached with it and hence that is something usually used by the companies in a very different format and manner. This is usually to hide some vested incomes and some other interests that are good for the business financials but not for the business sustainability and functions(Ctaeges, 2013). This finally creates a situation that the companies starts to project the subsidiary as a method to cover the wrong that they have done but after experiencing the benefits of the subsidiaries they ignore everything and become full-fledged vested interest mode. Hence regarded as one of the stakeholder that will not let the sustainability to pile on. References: (2012). Corporate Governance Council. Queensland: ASX Austalia. (2012). Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations and Recommendations. Canberra: ASX Corporate Governance Council . Ayuso, S. (2007). Responsible Corporate Governance: Towards a Stakeholder board of Director. Navarra: IESE Publications. Beck, J. (2014). Whats new in the ASX Principles? Adelaide: Effective Governance. Botha, M. (2015). Responsibilities of companies towards employees. Potchefstroom: Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad. Clara, S. (2012). A Framework for Ethical Decision Making. Paris: Markulla center of advance ethics. Ctaeges, B. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility: Trends, Threats and Opportunities. Nottingham: The University of Nottingham. Eliot Metzger, S. P. (2013). sswot a sustainability swot. Houston: World Resource Institute. Gibson, J. (2012). A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. Prague: Counselling organization. Hayes, M. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance and Corporate Regulation. New York: Springer Publications. Howell, R. (2012). The Shareholder's Rights in a Corporate Governance. London: Chron Publications. (2015). Why Corporate Governance. New York: Interntional Finance Corporation. James, T. (2010). ASX Principles compliance checklist 2010 . Canberra: Westernpower. Kramer, C. (2013). Responsibities towards mine workers. Beijing: Elseiver Publications. (2015). Accountability of Directors and Corporate Governance. Manchaster: Law Quest. (2010). CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES. Paris: HST Publications. (2013). Improving Business Behaviour: Why we need Corporate Governance. Manchaster: OECD Publications. Siddle, P. (2010). Ethical decision Making in corporate. Beijing: Ethical Society Publication. Swinton, L. (2012). Ethical Decision Making: How to Make Ethical Decisions in 5 Steps. Boston: MFTROU Publications. Tony, C. (2014). corporate governance. Lisbon: Business Disctionary. Woodward, V. a. (2012). CSR reactions to image threats. London: Exceter Publications.

Mohandas Gandhi Essays - Ascetics, Gujarati People, Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Gandhi ? Born into a merchant family in 1869, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was under the influence of powerful people. Members of his family had served as prime ministers of an Indian state for several generations. His parents were strong in their religion, being devout and earnest Hindus. They were a part of a Hindu sect that worshipped Vishnu and promoted non-violence. ? Apparently, he was most influenced by his mother, a gentle and intelligent person. According to Hindu custom, he married at an early age and grew to love his wife greatly. Together, they had four children and adopted a fourth. ? Later, in 1888, he travelled to England to become a barrister-at-law. There were several important influences that he encountered here: the Western material style of life, which he decided not to follow, and in the simple Russian way of living he found: the New Testament, and the Bhagavadgita, the bible of the Hare Krishna movement. It was here that he developed a sense of the presence of God in his life and the lives of men. ? Gandhi then returned to India and studied law in Bombay, but he quickly denounced it, feeling that it was immoral and could not satisfy one's conscience. Despite this, he used his schooling to help plead for Indian settlers in South Africa that were being oppressed by the white population. His personal experiences, including being ejected from a train in Maritzburg, of not being allowed the same rights as others lead him to begin a movement to help his people. ? While in South Africa, Gandhi made himself poor so that he could identify with his the peasants. He then proceeded to start a colony that consisted of abused labourers. The colony became very large and many cities were crippled by the lack of labourers. The government reacted to this by jailing Gandhi several times along with many other of his followers. The war he fought was one without weapons, already Gandhi was on his way to starting his career of non-violent campaigns. ? The main idea behind Gandhi's teachings was non-violence. The words of the Sanskrit language: ahinsa and sayagraha clearly express Gandhi's beliefs. The former means non-killing, non-destructive and the latter means the force of universal truth. He believed that the killing of man or beast is an unforgivable sin. Many who promoted these teachings of Gandhi simply believed that it was their only option for resisting imperialism rather than having a moral conviction towards his teachings. He taught that the weapon that could be used was the conscience of the aggressor. This ahimsa is, to some degree, in the tradition of Hinduism. ? Hinduism teaches to stay away from temptation through various exercises that test one's ability to perform a difficult task, this devitalizes a person and causes him to act on a non-violent level. ? In addition, he taught that one should act rather be held under subservience. Gandhi himself once stated, "Mere knowledge of right and wrong will not make one fit for salvation...the Gita says: 'No one has attained his goal without action...' From this quotation, we learn that his teachings are influenced by the Bhagavadgita and that he believes that one must act to reach a goal. But, he believed that one should denounce the rewards and simply devote one's life to acting on the behalf of others and that life should be lived near the soil, away from the influence of machines. ? Also, Gandhi strongly believed in upholding the caste system, believing that a person of one caste should stay a part of that caste. He also upheld the old Hindu tradition of segregation of castes, indicating that, "Interdining and intermarraige have never been a bar to disunion, quarrels or worse." According to Hinduism, the caste system lies in respect for one another's individuality. ? Gandhi is well known for his efforts in fighting imperliasm in India and South Africa. His methods were, unique in that they did not involve the use of weapons. ? During the South African War of 1899-1902 and during the Zulu rebellion in 1906, Gandhi organised an ambulance corps consisting of Indians to help the British fight. He believed that duty dictated that the Indian population had a responsibity to help the British when they were in a time of need. Perhaps he was trying to show them that the Indians put an effort into helping the British forces just like everyone else and deserved the same rights as everyone else. ? It is interesting to note that Gandhi did not promote fighting, but he helped those who were in need of assistance. ? After the law was passed that

A Beautiful Mind essays

A Beautiful Mind essays A Beautiful Mind was directed by Ron Howard and was produced in the year ____. The movie received four Academy Awards and Best Picture. The movie is based on the true story of John Forbes Nash Jr. which is played by Russell Crowe who was a great mathematician who had schizophrenia. This movie depicts how a man with a serious illness overcomes several boundaries and tries to live a normal lifestyle. The movie begins when Nash enter Princeton and successfully explains a difficult mathematical problem, proving the fact he is in fact a genius. Later he goes on to become a mathematics professor at the equally prestigious university MIT and works for the government, helping to solve an encoded Cold War messages from Russia. While teaching one of his classes Nash meets the love his life ___ and marries her. Nash began to go crazy he thought people were following him when they were not. Finally some of his friends requested a doctor to go get him. Beginning at this part of the movie people thought everything that he saw was true. Then he suddenly was taken away from what he thinks is a normal life and is placed into a mental hospital. Later on in the movie he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. He struggles with the fact that many of his previous realities were merely illusions due to his disorder. He eventually learns to live with his disorder and cope with his visual hallucinations. His wife___ portrays what its like to live with a person that is mentally ill. At the end of the movie Mr. Nash receives the Noble Peace Prize for economic theories. He also goes back to teaching college students. Mr. Nash proves that if u set your mine to it you can accomplish anything. For instance, after teaching one of his classes another professor stops him at his door to talk. But Mr. Nash does not k now if he is an illusion or real so he stops one of his students and ask if he real or not. This movie was really good it showed h...

Human Resource Management Program in Electronic Firm in Ontario Case Study - 1

Human Resource Management Program in Electronic Firm in Ontario - Case Study Example Evaluators are likely to dismiss or assign scores based on their liking. Third, the success rate of the test is extremely low which raises eyebrows. If only 20% are likely to pass the test then it seems like its serving a totally different purpose other than the intended. 50% success rate would be reasoning enough if the tests were valid and reliable (Gatewood, et al., 2011). Based on the above-highlighted problems reported on the selection program, a more motivating program that serves a relevant purpose should be adopted. First, the management team should devise and develop academic/mental interview questions and evaluation criteria that can assess employees in the electronic arena which is relevant to their job descriptions and not ask outrageous questions. To test for practical skills, the panel should ask the employees to perform some relevant operations using electronic equipment and replace the metal peg activity (Gatewood, et al., 2011). Also, much more transparency in the manner in which the procedure is undertaken should be enhanced such as openly printing out the results with the score criteria clearly elaborated. The union has valid arguments that can be backed up by the payment/compensation packages offered by the company. It can compare the kind of work the employees do with the remuneration. As reported, the company seeks to hire inexperienced workers so as to pay them as little as possible. Consequently, the confidentiality of the procedure is a point worth noting. The union can claim that the examinees’ results are tampered with since they are enclosed. Thirdly, the invalidity of the test questions is a strong argument to bring across as the activities asked to be performed are irrelevant to the nature of work. This is an indication that there is a hidden motive (Gatewood, et al., 2011).

The Asia-Pacific Region Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The effect of personality on policy continuity has already been affirmed by an unnamed White House official who stressed out that â€Å"personalities matter†¦ in the conduct, formulation, and implementation of [foreign policy]† (cited in Lampton, 2001, p.313). A change in administration means that there is also a change in the personality leading that administration. Such a person may have a different set of visions, follow a divergent ideology, or employ a different mindset from his predecessor. Indeed, â€Å"leadership turnover and regime change† may significantly affect patterns of US policy behavior and â€Å"likely result in foreign policy change and restructuring† (Dixon & Gaarder, n.d., p.185). The policies initiated or planned by the previous administration will experience restructuring should the succeeding president seek to prioritize other policies or tend to misinterpret his predecessor’s intentions or methods of implementation because the ideology he adhered to is markedly opposed to that of the former president. The behavior of US foreign policy has particularly been affected by the ideological differences of Republican-led and Democratic-led administrations. The former tends to be â€Å"more conservative internationalist in orientation,† while the latter is â€Å"more liberal internationalist in orientation† (Rosati, 1994, p.251). The direction of US policy has experienced modifications with every new administration. However, this is not only due to the change in the leading personality or the regime.

Assessment Of Community Resource Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Assessment Of Community Resource Management Environmental Sciences Essay This is a community development planning study which examined the resource management capacity of selected barangays given the prevailing mindset of people (i.e. no sense of ownership of local resources), how local organizations worked to effect protection and development of these resources, and how the stakeholders managed these resources. To pursue with this aim, the study covered barangays Ayala, Talisayan, Pamucutan, La Paz, Cawit and Tulungatung west coast of Zamboanga City. It utilized Participatory Resource Appraisal (PRA) in data gathering. Data gathered were subjected to SWOT analysis. Results of the study revealed that the communities resources are so vast and rich which barangay officials cannot manage alone. LGUs have laudable resource management plans that need peoples cooperation to implement. However, people do not participate because they believe this is LGUs sole responsibility. Meanwhile, investors, mostly outsiders, have more access to resources, which some over-utilize and/or pollute with industrial wastes. Results of the study, therefore, indicated a need for barangay officials and the people to build their capacity to effectively manage community resources through collaborative efforts in all stages of development. Thus, the study recommended a resource management action planning to be participated in by both barangay officials and sector representatives. Introduction Natural resources are the foundation from which the rural poor can overcome poverty. (Ferrer, et al, 1996). However, in a country like the Philippines which is noted for its rich and vast natural resources, it is a paradox that poverty continues to reign especially among rural folks. Although poverty alleviation and sustainable development are components of Philippine government programs, planning has been concentrated at the higher echelon of government bureaucracy leading to a top down approach which fails to attain participation of concerned communities leaving no feeling of ownership in the programs implemented. Local level participation and grassroots initiatives are key elements in any community resource management effort. (Ferrer, et al. 1996). One of the approaches which placed emphasis on community involvement in management of resources and social justice is community-based coastal resource management. Community-based Coastal Resource Management (CBCRM) is one of the most significant approaches used because of its emphasis on both natural resources and social justice. Its roots come from two strains of civil society movements in the Philippines, namely: environmental conservation and human rights. It undertakes Community Resource Management in the context of community transformation by ensuring social and economic equity, holistic and integrated management, and sustainable livelihood and development. Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is one of the most important manifestations of true decentralization as it relates to control of rural resources. CBNRM programs, if successful, can be models of local empowerment, imbuing communities with greater authority over the use of natural resources. Under the right circumstances, they can also bring important benefits to poor people and poor communities (Holmes Cooper, 2005). The ECSOM (Ecosystem-Based Community-Centered Sustainable Development Organization and Management) proposed by the Maximo Kalaw Institute for Sustainable Development, is also one such community-based sustainable development framework. ECSOM provides the local government and other sectors, the framework for designing and instituting programs for economic development and poverty alleviation, and affirms what is already provided for in the 1987 Constitution and Local Government Code of 1991 (Roxas S.K., 2007). A study is deemed necessary in establishing an ecosystem-based community-centered sustainable development organization and participatory management preparatory and pre-feasibility phase. As such, emphasis is put on expanding participation beyond consultation. It is making the people not mere data sources but also involving them in the process of data gathering and in building their aspirations, needs and abilities toward a just, equitable and sustainable future for all. On this principle was this study anchored, as conducted in barangays Ayala, Talisayan, Pamucutan, Lapaz, Cawit and Tulungatung which form the ECSOM cluster in the west coast of Zamboanga City. Method The study covered the whole communities of the six barangays in the west coast of Zamboanga City, as the main subjects of the study. Specifically, it mobilized the following stakeholders from each community: barangay officials represented by the Chairperson, Kagawads and Sangguniang Kabataan, the Barangay Health Workers, Day Care Workers, Purok leaders and PO leaders, and representatives of sectors such as; farmers, fisherfolks, women, youth and factory workers. The study used primarily the Participatory Resource Appraisal (PRA) procedure that enabled participants to unravel and analyze their situation, and in acting/planning on their own. The PRA is an approach that evolved from a series of qualitative multidisciplinary approach to learning about local-level conditions and local peoples perspective including agro ecosystem analysis (IBRD/WB, 1998). It seeks to generate knowledge and then to use that knowledge to empower the participants as they create solutions to the problems they face. Outcomes are focused not only on the creation of that change, but also on individual and group empowerment, and the creation of a heightened sense of self-esteem through ownership of the process and the solution (Palloff, 1996, p. 47). Secondary data were also collected and analyzed to generate the barangay profiles and served as input to the development planning process. Four phases marked the assessment process. (1) emergence and development of research design which was inspired and influenced by the Ecosystems-Based Community Centered for Sustainable Development Organization and Management (ECSOM); (2) pre-study consultation with respective officials and stakeholders of concerned communities to present the proposed study and agree as to its purpose, scope and coverage, and to generate commitment of stakeholders to participate in the process; (3) mobilization and engagement which entailed the formation and orientation of the PRA team. The actual data collection used PRA tools (resource mapping, social services mapping, production flow chart, seasonality diagram, organizational matrix, historical transect, pie chart of household income and expenditure) facilitated through workshops and focused-group discussions conducted in the six barangays with the people as partners in data collection and analysis. Analysis of data was done on the spot by local re search participants during the presentation of workshop outputs that provided opportunity for checking and feedback, triangulation of findings from three (3) sources (e.g. workshops, focus group discussion and interview with identified key informants, and secondary data) to determine trends and priorities, subjecting data gathered to SWOT analysis, and conducting of consolidation workshops and data validation; and (4) action planning which was a two-pronged process of (a) strategic planning that resulted in the formulation of the 3-year development plan and 1-year investment plan of the barangays consolidated as a cluster plan for the 6 barangays; and (b) institution building which included formation of a viable organizational structure required to operate and implement the cluster plan, complete with vision and mission. Based on the conceptual flow of the study, the primary source (input) in data gathering was the production sectors in the community which included the agricultural and fishery sectors as well as the local government, community-based people organizations, non-government organizations, and the business sector. The data gathered from the participants were used to determine the state of resource management practice of the community in terms of availability, access, utilization and sustainability. Results In order to determine the community resource management capacity of the six barangays, results of the assessment were classified as follows: (a) natural resource (specifically pertaining to the main production sectors i.e. agriculture, fishery and forest resources); (b) basic social services; (c) community infrastructure; and (d) organizational management/ governance. Results of the study revealed a vast and rich natural resource base for the six barangays which comprises of the production sectors such as agriculture and fishery. About a 30-kilometre shoreline traverses the coastlines of barangays Ayala, Cawit and Talisayan a primary source of fish, lobsters and other marine products for small-scale fishermen. It provides great economic opportunities for both local and foreign investors who engage in fishing, canning, box and tin can production, and fish mill operations, all of which provide ample income to some residents and outsiders. Small-scale fishermen, both resident and non-residents of the area have lesser access to fish resources as their fishing technology are no match to the big boats of commercial fishers. Furthermore, they have now to go far out at sea as there are hardly any fishes near the shorelines due to water pollution by industrial wastes. In terms of resource utilization, while large-scale fishers do it for commercial purpose s, small-scale fisher folks do it primarily for subsistence, and whatever extra, they sell (See Table 1). Sustainability of marine resources is challenged by pollution due to dumping of untreated industrial wastes into the sea, and by oil spill from factories. On the other hand, dynamite fishing destroys coral reefs fingerlings. Similarly, the use of fish nets by small-scale fishermen, does not also spare fingerlings, resulting in decreased volume of fishes in the area. Both commercial and small-scale fishers do not heed an existing ordinance on fish ban during the breeding months from October to December. Table 1 Community Resource Base Resource Available Access Utilization Marine Resources Accessed by both big commercial boats owned mostly by foreigners and their Filipino partners; and by marginal fishermen, both residents and non-residents of the area. For fish canning to supply local and foreign markets. For subsistence and small-scale sale of fishes by marginal fishermen. Community Resource Management Capacity (Marine Resources) Approximately, a total of 182 hectares of rich agricultural land are devoted to rice-farming in the low-lying barangays of Ayala, Cawit and Talisayan. Upland barangays of La Paz, Pamucutan and Tulungatung have rich agricultural farms that produce rice, vegetables, fruits, poultry, and cock. These farms employ tenant farmers and farm laborers. La Paz and Pamucutan are engaged in large-scale production of vegetables and other high-value crops. Continuous skills and technology development in these modes of agricultural production are provided by the Department of Agriculture. Earnings and income generated from a 50-hectare farm is estimated at Php100, 000 per harvest (See Table2). The cluster produces sufficient rice supply to the residents of the six barangays. Large areas (in hectares) are devoted to rice farming in the following barangays: Talisayan 180, Tulungatung 115, Pamucutan 100 and Ayala 40. However, the utilization of the potentials of the agricultural land resource is not maximized as harvest is only twice a year. Sustainability-wise, majority of the farmers do not use organic fertilizer and insecticides and still rely on chemical-based ones. Moreover, some farmers complain of lack of post-harvest facilities. Others have difficulty in bringing products to the market due to poor road condition, giving chance for middlemen or compradors to buy farm products from farmers at very low price, almost 1/3 of the market price. Kaingin system, which is still being employed in some areas, endangers the soils richness while illegal cutting of trees in forest areas to supply the box factory and for charcoal making of Talisayan, has led to soil erosion and subsequent siltation in rivers, endangering the supply of water in irrigation systems (See Table 2). Table 2 Community Resource Base Resource Available Access Utilization Agricultural Resources (Agricultural lands, irrigation) Accessed largely by local people. Employs local people as tenants or farm hands. Vegetable, fruit, rice, poultry and cock farms for subsistence and commercial purposes. Community Resource Management Capacity (Agricultural Resources) Two (2) major rivers the Dumalon and Sas rivers supply water to the irrigation systems of Cawit, Tulungatung, Ayala, Talisayan, and Pamucutan. These rivers and their tributaries, aside from being source of irrigation water, also provide good quality sand and gravel a source of a quarrying business thriving in the area by outside investors (See Table 3). However, unregulated sand and gravel quarrying, coupled with cutting of trees in forests, has resulted in soil erosion and erosion of river banks and subsequent siltation. This condition has resulted in flooding in adjacent barangays prompting fishpond owners, in Cawit particularly, to complain. Aggravating the situation is the dumping of garbage in rivers by some residents. A potential proposed mining exploration can pollute the water. Moreover, a proposed mining exploration in the area poses an additional threat to rivers through chemical pollution. Table 3 Community Resource Management Capacity (Rivers) Community Resource Base Resource Available Access Utilization Rivers (with good quality sand and gravel) (Common resource of the six barangays) Some barangay people and some industries have access to forest resources and wildlife Sand and gravel accessed by outside investors. Provide water for farm irrigation and for household, commercial and industrial use. Sand and gravel quarrying for business purposes by non-resident investors. The Ayala watershed consists of 102 hectares, with 277.46 hectares of close canopy area, 217 hectares of plantation forest, 1.93 hectares residual forest, 663 hectares cultivated area, and 11.14 hectares open grass land. There is an existing agreement between the city government and DENR for the protection and conservation of the Ayala watershed that provides potable water to the whole of Zamboanga City. On the other hand, La Paz watershed is protected and preserved through the presence of the WMSU College of Forestry and Environmental Studies WMSU experimental project which covers 1,277 hectares planted to indigenous trees. But local people access and illegally cut trees, including bacawan trees, basically for building houses and other similar structures, without reforestation. There is also rampant cutting of trees to supply raw materials for the box factory in Talisayan. Noticeably some forest areas are gradually denuded. The number of wild animals like deer, wild pigs, monkeys, tarsiers and birds is increasingly decreasing due to continuous hunting by local residents and those from neighboring areas like Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte. There is no barangay ordinance to regulate the activity. Table 4 Community Resource Management Capacity (Forest, Watershed, Wildlife) Community Resource Base Resource Available Access Utilization Forest trees and wildlife Occupied by farmers under stewardship program. Landowners and local populace have access to forest resources. Residents and non-residents have access to wildlife resources. Farmers raise vegetables. Landowners cut down trees for construction. Wildlife hunted for food by residents and non-residents. Ayala -La Paz Watershed Protected area Source of potable water for commercial, industrial and domestic use. Although the rich mineral resources in some barangays remain untapped, there is a proposal of a mining company do to mining exploration in Baluno and La Paz covering around 5-7 hectares. Residents strongly oppose the proposal having experienced the effects of mining done by Zambales Mining at La Paz ten years ago. Ayala farmers were also affected because they were not able to plant for almost ten years. There are still remains of poisonous substances in the riverbeds due to the Zambales mining operations more than a decade ago. Today, some residents engage in camote mining (small-scale) for subsistence (See Table 5). Table 5 Community Resource Management Capacity (Forest) Community Resource Base Resource Available Access Utilization Mineral Resources (e.g. gold, copper, zinc, manganese and ore found in La Paz and Pamucutan) Access is limited to residents in the area who engage in small-time mining activities or camote-mining. To meet subsistence needs. Social services found in the six barangays, mandated of barangays local government units (BLGU), are day care services, elementary and secondary schools, health center, barangay hall, church or masjid, and cemetery. Health services are available 24/7 although some medical facilities are lacking. Basic education is well-provided in the six barangays, with only two barangay high schools serving the whole cluster. The main problem of these schools is inadequate school facilities. Various organizations present in the barangays which offer microfinance facilities are KFI, TAYTAY, Ayudahan and ASA. Land Bank itself gives up to Php300, 000-loan to farmer coops. Loans are availed of in order to finance family enterprise or to subsidize rice farming inputs. However, due to poverty, loan proceeds are sometimes used to buy basic necessities. But the sadder thing is that others spend on vices (See Table 6). Table 6 Community Resource Management Capacity (Basic Social Services) Community Basic Resource Resource Available Access Utilization Health Generally accessible to residents thru barangay health centers, lying-in clinic in Ayala and wellness center in La Paz, which operate 24/7. However, not very accessible to residents of La Paz and Pamucutan due to distance and lack of transporation. High utilization. Education Pres-school and elementary education are available in all six barangays. Secondary education available only in Ayala and Talisayan. In La Paz, households are dispersed making it difficult for children to attend school due to distance. School children avail of educational facilities. Credit facilities Several microfinance facilities operating in the area (KFI, MEMPCO, TAYTAY, Ayudahan and ASA) Land Bank gives up to Php300, 000-loan to farmer coops. For family enterprise or to subsidize rice farming inputs; some spend proceeds to buy basic necessities; others, on vices. As mandated, all the six barangays have their respective elected Barangay Councils. Government line agencies as well as instrumentalities of the city government do their part in addressing the basic services needs of the populace. Community-based organizations are also operating in the area such as womens organizations, farmers associations, and youth associations, sustainability of which are challenged by the fact that these are mostly leader-driven. The local catholic church exerts a degree of influence in the affairs of these communities. A number of non-government organizations also implement projects in these which offer free medical services and housing projects, to name a few. Local and national line agencies of the government also provide services to the barangays. Likewise, the Zamboanga City Water District and the Zamboanga City Electric Cooperative also extend their services (See Table 7). Table 7 Community Resource Management Capacity (Operational Management And Governance) Resources Available Access Utilization Sustainability Office of the Barangay Council per barangay Line agencies: DepEd, DOLE, PNRC, PCSO, DAR, DSWD, CSWDO, PNP, FD, CAO, CEO, others. Most accessible structural resource to all constituents Utilized by people for settlement of disputes; emergency assistance; issuance of certificates; and making impartial decisions on barangay affairs. Barangay officials readily available. There is a need to strengthen their capacity to manage and regulate utilization of community resources thru ordinances and resolutions. NGOs/Pos People in communities have access to membership in POs. People have access to services offered by NGOs in the area like Gawad Kalinga, Glee Club, Kasanyangan Foundation, Inc. (KFI), Tzu Chi Foundation and USAID Equals. Community people take advantage of the services and technical assistance offered by NGOs and POs like housing projects and loan grants. Usually, these organizations are leader-driven. Not fully functional as leaders are lacking in capacities. Organizations need continuous capacity building. Only few members sustain their membership. The six barangays covered by the study have some if not all of the basic community infrastructures. The barangays have their respective Barangay Halls or Barangay Offices. Multi-purpose covered courts are also available in these barangays which were constructed inside school campuses and others in donated lands. Barangay Ayala specifically has a mini-gymnasium where public events and activities are oftentimes held. Other community infrastructures available in these barangays are the buildings which house the health centers, day care centers and the schools. Discussion The study revealed the existence a vast and rich community resource base in the clustered barangays, particularly, natural resources. But the people remain generally poor. Some benefit from industries through employment, but this is seasonal. Results of the study also indicated that the communities have lesser access to some resources than outsiders; and that they are not able to manage their natural resources effectively, leaving outside investors to bring havoc to these resources through pollution and over-utilization. Barangay local government units admit they have to formulate more ordinances to protect the resources, while, existing ordinances are hardly implemented. Meanwhile, the rape of the environment flourishes. Clearly, the damage wrought by industries outweighs the benefits from their ventures, especially on the long-term. Although local people have high access to agricultural lands, farmers are beset with lack of farm facilities and needed infrastructure. Infrastructure is known to be the economys backbone. Power and water supply, transportation and communication systems are all important elements in peoples quest to improve their quality of life. Overcoming poverty means individual and collective empowerment, strengthening productive and income generating capacities and increasing opportunities. This requires a clear understanding of the activities of poor people and of the natural, social, economic and political environment in which they live. It also requires supportive policies, institutions, services and investment (IFAD, 2006). The study also revealed that the barangay LGUs have very good resource management plans. However, these remain unimplemented. Given the vastness of the clusters resources, and considering the extent of the adverse effects of inappropriate resource utilization both by residents and non-residents of the barangays, local officials certainly cannot do it alone. This political exercise necessitates the involvement of prime stakeholders the people, even at the planning stage. It also necessitates concerted effort among the six barangays who are intertwined by the ecosystem. Community based resource management is not only about communities taking on the mechanical management responsibilities. It also requires involving communities in all stages of making decisions about the nature and direction of development and conservation (Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme, 2004). However, the study indicated that majority of local folks remain passive about their role in managing community resources. To them, this is the sole responsibility of government officials. Thus, there is a need for a two-way paradigm shift: (a) for local officials to encourage people participation even at the planning stage of development initiatives, based on local officials mandate (1991 Local Government Code); and (b) for local people to understand and appreciate their vital role in purposively planning and managing their resources for maximum access and sustainability. Cognizant of these imperatives, the participants of the study proceeded with the formulation of the Three-Year Development Plan and the One-Year Investment Plan. The planning activity was an exercise in community-based resource planning that involved the representatives of the various sectors of the community together with local officials who participated in the study, as inspired by ECSOM and as recommended by the study team. The cluster members likewise institutionalized their plans by forming the cluster organization called the Alyansa de Costa Oeste Para Progreso Y Prosperidad, and created committees to pursue the identified priority projects. The biggest challenge now that confronts the clustered communities is how to sustain the momentum and achieve their goals.

Mental Health Counseling Essay -- essays research papers

Mental health counselors work with individuals, families, and groups to address and treat mental and emotional disorders and to promote mental health. They are trained to address a wide range of issues, including depression, addiction and substance abuse, suicidal impulses, stress management, problems with self-esteem, issues associated with aging, job and career concerns, educational decisions, issues related to mental and emotional health, and family, parenting, and marital or other relationship problems. Mental health counselors often work closely with other mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, psychiatric nurses, and school counselors. (US Department of Labor)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be a licensed mental health counselor a person must have a Masters Degree in counseling or other related field. The program must consist of 60 semester hours and 1000 hours of university sponsored clinical or internship experience. The degree program should be certified by CACREP. A CACREP certified program insures that the program meets examination requirements for licensure. Once completed, one must have two years of supervision and pass national or state examinations to obtain licensure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensed mental health counselors have many ethical and legal issues dealing with interacting with clients in a way that leaves them in a better place. It is crucial that counselors act within the b...

Lord of the Flies Analysis Essay

Golding’s novel and its exploration of temptation on a deserted island can be examined within a broader understanding of mankind and social order. Patrick Reilly from the University of Iowa Press states, â€Å"Lord of the Flies depicts the disintegration of a society whose members play rather than work. † (Reilly 138-61) The inclination to give in to temptation is depicted in biblical passages as far back as Adam and Eve. When they are told not to eat an apple from the tree of knowledge, they do so anyway because temptation drives them. Temptation can also be witnessed in the modern world. Even within a structured society that upholds rules and boundaries, the urge to act on impulse is inevitable. For example, people that cheat on their husbands or wives may be tempted by jealousy, revenge, and excitement. They can resist, but the drive to cheat is too strong for some. Even minor infractions such as speeding to get to work on time stem from temptation. Overall, temptation and its consequences play a huge role in societal behavior, and there is no way to evade it. â€Å"He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling. (Golding 64) This powerful quote describes Jack immediately before he brutally murders a nursing sow. Bloodlust, defined as a desire for bloodshed, and temptation, the craving to have or do something that should be avoided alters Jack’s mind. The pigs that the boys hunt and kill in Golding’s novel Lord of The Flies represent how temptation can lead one into savagery and bloodlust. As early as chapter one, temptation arises because of the basic need to eat and survive. The group is reluctant to kill a pig, let alone draw blood from a living thing. Their sense of morals is strong, and Jack is unable to kill the first pig they encounter. Golding states, â€Å"He raised his arm in the air. There came a pause†¦the blade continued to flash at the end of a bony arm. The pause was only long enough for them to understand what an enormity the downward stroke would be. The piglet tore loose from the creepers and scurried into the undergrowth. † (31) This shows that Jack was uncertain whether or not to kill the pig and missed his chance. When questioned about his hesitancy, Jack defends himself by stating â€Å"I was going to†¦I was choosing a place. Next time–! † (Golding 31) However the boys recognize the truth. Jack doesn’t kill the pig because he cannot bear to see a living creature bleed and die. As time on the island passes, temptation to hunt and kill grows. Before the pig hunt in chapter 4, the boys decide to paint their faces with island shrubbery to conceal themselves. As shown in this quote, they feel â€Å"liberated from shame and self-consciousness† (Golding 64) The group is still uneasy at the thought of bloodshed and must hide behind their masks to finally kill a pig. The mask compelled them† (Golding 64) After this pig hunt, a change from civilization to primitivism, from good to evil begins to take place. Golding states, â€Å"There were lashings of blood†, said Jack laughing and shuddering, â€Å"you should have seen it!†¦ We’ll go hunting everyday—â€Å" (69-70) Each subsequent pig hunt gets increasingly violent and savage. Even Ralph, who has resisted what he believes to be immoral, now eagerly participates. Golding writes, â€Å"Ralph talked on excitedly. ‘I hit him all right. The spear stuck in. I wounded him! ’ He sunned himself in their new respect and felt that hunting was good after all. (Golding 113) After hitting the boar on the snout with the spear, he is overwhelmed with exhilaration and takes pride in himself by gloating. Ralph’s conscience is deteriorating as his primal urges begin to surface. The ensuing hunts are no longer about survival and basic human needs. Instead, violence, savagery, and bloodlust are the motivators. Golding writes, â€Å"The sow staggered her way ahead of them, bleeding and mad, and the hunters followed, wedded to her in lust, excited by the long chase and the dropped blood. † (135) As savagery escalates, the boy’s behavior becomes increasingly demented and uncalled for. For example, one of the killed pigs is offered to the beast. Jack decapitates the pig’s head and places it on a spear as depicted in the following quote; â€Å"This head is for the beast. It’s a gift. † (Golding 137) The head soon rots and becomes covered with flies and insects. It becomes the â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, a symbol of evil and temptation. It also depicts the deterioration of the group. As the head rots and becomes corrupt, so do the boys. Caught up in this violent escapade, the boys forget to watch the fire and miss a crucial chance of rescue. In Chapter 9 the boys are in a complete frenzy during a monstrous storm. They are delusional and murder Simon in blind rage, believing he is the beast. As shown in The Lord of the Flies, temptation for power, for control, and to do evil leads to destruction, savagery, and grief. Skylar Burris informs us that Golding delivered a lecture on his personal explanation for the collapse of a civilization. She reports that Golding believes the breakdown is due to the inherent evil present within all human beings (Burris 1). Golding’s view of man’s basic instinct toward evil and the vicious nature of temptation is a powerful theme.

Obesity And The American Diabetes Association Essay

According to the American Diabetes Association (2016), more Americans die each year from diabetes than from AIDS and breast cancer combined. As a result, researchers have extensively studied the causes, treatments, and interventions for diabetes. Despite efforts to ameliorate its effects, diabetes remains a prevalent danger in society. In 2014, 7% of U.S. adults were living with diagnosed diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). In Louisiana that number was even higher - 10.4% of adults have been diagnosed with diabetes. Breaking it down by age group, however, in Louisiana 3% of people aged 18 and 44 have been diagnosed, and 15.2% of people 45-64. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015a). Several studies have predicted future rates of diabetes, both in the United States and worldwide - nearly all of these studies reached a similar conclusion: rates of diabetes will continue to rise (Boyle et al., 2001). 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